Babel 将 Generator 编译成了什么

前言

本文就是简单介绍下 Generator 语法编译后的代码。

Generator

function* helloWorldGenerator() {
  yield'hello';
  yield'world';
  return'ending';
}

我们打印下执行的结果:

var hw = helloWorldGenerator();

console.log(hw.next()); // {value: "hello", done: false}console.log(hw.next()); // {value: "world", done: false}console.log(hw.next()); // {value: "ending", done: true}console.log(hw.next()); // {value: undefined, done: true}

Babel

具体的执行过程就不说了,我们直接在 Babel 官网的 Try it out 粘贴上述代码,然后查看代码被编译成了什么样子:

/**
 * 我们就称呼这个版本为简单编译版本吧
 */var _marked = /*#__PURE__*/ regeneratorRuntime.mark(helloWorldGenerator);

functionhelloWorldGenerator() {
  return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(
    functionhelloWorldGenerator$(_context) {
      while (1) {
        switch ((_context.prev = _context.next)) {
          case0:
            _context.next = 2;
            return"hello";

          case2:
            _context.next = 4;
            return"world";

          case4:
            return _context.abrupt("return", "ending");

          case5:
          case"end":
            return _context.stop();
        }
      }
    },
    _marked,
    this
  );
}

猛一看,好像编译后的代码还蛮少的,但是细细一看,编译后的代码肯定是不能用的呀,regeneratorRuntime 是个什么鬼?哪里有声明呀?markwrap 方法又都做了什么?

难道就不能编译一个完整可用的代码吗?

regenerator

如果你想看到完整可用的代码,你可以使用 regenerator,这是 facebook 下的一个工具,用于编译 ES6 的 generator 函数。

我们先安装一下 regenerator:

npm install -g regenerator

然后新建一个 generator.js 文件,里面的代码就是文章最一开始的代码,我们执行命令:

regenerator --include-runtime generator.js > generator-es5.js

我们就可以在 generator-es5.js 文件看到编译后的完整可用的代码。

而这一编译就编译了 700 多行…… 编译后的代码可以查看

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/**
* Copyright (c) 2014-present, Facebook, Inc.
*
* This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
* LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
*/

!(function(global) {
"use strict";

var Op = Object.prototype;
var hasOwn = Op.hasOwnProperty;
var undefined; // More compressible than void 0.
var $Symbol = typeof Symbol === "function" ? Symbol : {};
var iteratorSymbol = $Symbol.iterator || "@@iterator";
var asyncIteratorSymbol = $Symbol.asyncIterator || "@@asyncIterator";
var toStringTagSymbol = $Symbol.toStringTag || "@@toStringTag";

var inModule = typeof module === "object";
var runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime;
if (runtime) {
if (inModule) {
// If regeneratorRuntime is defined globally and we're in a module,
// make the exports object identical to regeneratorRuntime.
module.exports = runtime;
}
// Don't bother evaluating the rest of this file if the runtime was
// already defined globally.
return;
}

// Define the runtime globally (as expected by generated code) as either
// module.exports (if we're in a module) or a new, empty object.
runtime = global.regeneratorRuntime = inModule ? module.exports : {};

function wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {
// If outerFn provided and outerFn.prototype is a Generator, then outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator.
var protoGenerator = outerFn && outerFn.prototype instanceof Generator ? outerFn : Generator;
var generator = Object.create(protoGenerator.prototype);
var context = new Context(tryLocsList || []);

// The ._invoke method unifies the implementations of the .next,
// .throw, and .return methods.
generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context);

return generator;
}
runtime.wrap = wrap;

// Try/catch helper to minimize deoptimizations. Returns a completion
// record like context.tryEntries[i].completion. This interface could
// have been (and was previously) designed to take a closure to be
// invoked without arguments, but in all the cases we care about we
// already have an existing method we want to call, so there's no need
// to create a new function object. We can even get away with assuming
// the method takes exactly one argument, since that happens to be true
// in every case, so we don't have to touch the arguments object. The
// only additional allocation required is the completion record, which
// has a stable shape and so hopefully should be cheap to allocate.
function tryCatch(fn, obj, arg) {
try {
return { type: "normal", arg: fn.call(obj, arg) };
} catch (err) {
return { type: "throw", arg: err };
}
}

var GenStateSuspendedStart = "suspendedStart";
var GenStateSuspendedYield = "suspendedYield";
var GenStateExecuting = "executing";
var GenStateCompleted = "completed";

// Returning this object from the innerFn has the same effect as
// breaking out of the dispatch switch statement.
var ContinueSentinel = {};

// Dummy constructor functions that we use as the .constructor and
// .constructor.prototype properties for functions that return Generator
// objects. For full spec compliance, you may wish to configure your
// minifier not to mangle the names of these two functions.
function Generator() {}
function GeneratorFunction() {}
function GeneratorFunctionPrototype() {}

// This is a polyfill for %IteratorPrototype% for environments that
// don't natively support it.
var IteratorPrototype = {};
IteratorPrototype[iteratorSymbol] = function () {
return this;
};

var getProto = Object.getPrototypeOf;
var NativeIteratorPrototype = getProto && getProto(getProto(values([])));
if (NativeIteratorPrototype &&
NativeIteratorPrototype !== Op &&
hasOwn.call(NativeIteratorPrototype, iteratorSymbol)) {
// This environment has a native %IteratorPrototype%; use it instead
// of the polyfill.
IteratorPrototype = NativeIteratorPrototype;
}

var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype =
Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);
GeneratorFunction.prototype = Gp.constructor = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;
GeneratorFunctionPrototype.constructor = GeneratorFunction;
GeneratorFunctionPrototype[toStringTagSymbol] =
GeneratorFunction.displayName = "GeneratorFunction";

// Helper for defining the .next, .throw, and .return methods of the
// Iterator interface in terms of a single ._invoke method.
function defineIteratorMethods(prototype) {
["next", "throw", "return"].forEach(function(method) {
prototype[method] = function(arg) {
return this._invoke(method, arg);
};
});
}

runtime.isGeneratorFunction = function(genFun) {
var ctor = typeof genFun === "function" && genFun.constructor;
return ctor
? ctor === GeneratorFunction ||
// For the native GeneratorFunction constructor, the best we can
// do is to check its .name property.
(ctor.displayName || ctor.name) === "GeneratorFunction"
: false;
};

runtime.mark = function(genFun) {
if (Object.setPrototypeOf) {
Object.setPrototypeOf(genFun, GeneratorFunctionPrototype);
} else {
genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;
if (!(toStringTagSymbol in genFun)) {
genFun[toStringTagSymbol] = "GeneratorFunction";
}
}
genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp);
return genFun;
};

// Within the body of any async function, `await x` is transformed to
// `yield regeneratorRuntime.awrap(x)`, so that the runtime can test
// `hasOwn.call(value, "__await")` to determine if the yielded value is
// meant to be awaited.
runtime.awrap = function(arg) {
return { __await: arg };
};

function AsyncIterator(generator) {
function invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject) {
var record = tryCatch(generator[method], generator, arg);
if (record.type === "throw") {
reject(record.arg);
} else {
var result = record.arg;
var value = result.value;
if (value &&
typeof value === "object" &&
hasOwn.call(value, "__await")) {
return Promise.resolve(value.__await).then(function(value) {
invoke("next", value, resolve, reject);
}, function(err) {
invoke("throw", err, resolve, reject);
});
}

return Promise.resolve(value).then(function(unwrapped) {
// When a yielded Promise is resolved, its final value becomes
// the .value of the Promise<{value,done}> result for the
// current iteration.
result.value = unwrapped;
resolve(result);
}, function(error) {
// If a rejected Promise was yielded, throw the rejection back
// into the async generator function so it can be handled there.
return invoke("throw", error, resolve, reject);
});
}
}

var previousPromise;

function enqueue(method, arg) {
function callInvokeWithMethodAndArg() {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject) {
invoke(method, arg, resolve, reject);
});
}

return previousPromise =
// If enqueue has been called before, then we want to wait until
// all previous Promises have been resolved before calling invoke,
// so that results are always delivered in the correct order. If
// enqueue has not been called before, then it is important to
// call invoke immediately, without waiting on a callback to fire,
// so that the async generator function has the opportunity to do
// any necessary setup in a predictable way. This predictability
// is why the Promise constructor synchronously invokes its
// executor callback, and why async functions synchronously
// execute code before the first await. Since we implement simple
// async functions in terms of async generators, it is especially
// important to get this right, even though it requires care.
previousPromise ? previousPromise.then(
callInvokeWithMethodAndArg,
// Avoid propagating failures to Promises returned by later
// invocations of the iterator.
callInvokeWithMethodAndArg
) : callInvokeWithMethodAndArg();
}

// Define the unified helper method that is used to implement .next,
// .throw, and .return (see defineIteratorMethods).
this._invoke = enqueue;
}

defineIteratorMethods(AsyncIterator.prototype);
AsyncIterator.prototype[asyncIteratorSymbol] = function () {
return this;
};
runtime.AsyncIterator = AsyncIterator;

// Note that simple async functions are implemented on top of
// AsyncIterator objects; they just return a Promise for the value of
// the final result produced by the iterator.
runtime.async = function(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList) {
var iter = new AsyncIterator(
wrap(innerFn, outerFn, self, tryLocsList)
);

return runtime.isGeneratorFunction(outerFn)
? iter // If outerFn is a generator, return the full iterator.
: iter.next().then(function(result) {
return result.done ? result.value : iter.next();
});
};

function makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {
var state = GenStateSuspendedStart;

return function invoke(method, arg) {
if (state === GenStateExecuting) {
throw new Error("Generator is already running");
}

if (state === GenStateCompleted) {
if (method === "throw") {
throw arg;
}

// Be forgiving, per 25.3.3.3.3 of the spec:
// https://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-generatorresume
return doneResult();
}

context.method = method;
context.arg = arg;

while (true) {
var delegate = context.delegate;
if (delegate) {
var delegateResult = maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);
if (delegateResult) {
if (delegateResult === ContinueSentinel) continue;
return delegateResult;
}
}

if (context.method === "next") {
// Setting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's
// function.sent implementation.
context.sent = context._sent = context.arg;

} else if (context.method === "throw") {
if (state === GenStateSuspendedStart) {
state = GenStateCompleted;
throw context.arg;
}

context.dispatchException(context.arg);

} else if (context.method === "return") {
context.abrupt("return", context.arg);
}

state = GenStateExecuting;

var record = tryCatch(innerFn, self, context);
if (record.type === "normal") {
// If an exception is thrown from innerFn, we leave state ===
// GenStateExecuting and loop back for another invocation.
state = context.done
? GenStateCompleted
: GenStateSuspendedYield;

if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {
continue;
}

return {
value: record.arg,
done: context.done
};

} else if (record.type === "throw") {
state = GenStateCompleted;
// Dispatch the exception by looping back around to the
// context.dispatchException(context.arg) call above.
context.method = "throw";
context.arg = record.arg;
}
}
};
}

// Call delegate.iterator[context.method](context.arg) and handle the
// result, either by returning a { value, done } result from the
// delegate iterator, or by modifying context.method and context.arg,
// setting context.delegate to null, and returning the ContinueSentinel.
function maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context) {
var method = delegate.iterator[context.method];
if (method === undefined) {
// A .throw or .return when the delegate iterator has no .throw
// method always terminates the yield* loop.
context.delegate = null;

if (context.method === "throw") {
if (delegate.iterator.return) {
// If the delegate iterator has a return method, give it a
// chance to clean up.
context.method = "return";
context.arg = undefined;
maybeInvokeDelegate(delegate, context);

if (context.method === "throw") {
// If maybeInvokeDelegate(context) changed context.method from
// "return" to "throw", let that override the TypeError below.
return ContinueSentinel;
}
}

context.method = "throw";
context.arg = new TypeError(
"The iterator does not provide a 'throw' method");
}

return ContinueSentinel;
}

var record = tryCatch(method, delegate.iterator, context.arg);

if (record.type === "throw") {
context.method = "throw";
context.arg = record.arg;
context.delegate = null;
return ContinueSentinel;
}

var info = record.arg;

if (! info) {
context.method = "throw";
context.arg = new TypeError("iterator result is not an object");
context.delegate = null;
return ContinueSentinel;
}

if (info.done) {
// Assign the result of the finished delegate to the temporary
// variable specified by delegate.resultName (see delegateYield).
context[delegate.resultName] = info.value;

// Resume execution at the desired location (see delegateYield).
context.next = delegate.nextLoc;

// If context.method was "throw" but the delegate handled the
// exception, let the outer generator proceed normally. If
// context.method was "next", forget context.arg since it has been
// "consumed" by the delegate iterator. If context.method was
// "return", allow the original .return call to continue in the
// outer generator.
if (context.method !== "return") {
context.method = "next";
context.arg = undefined;
}

} else {
// Re-yield the result returned by the delegate method.
return info;
}

// The delegate iterator is finished, so forget it and continue with
// the outer generator.
context.delegate = null;
return ContinueSentinel;
}

// Define Generator.prototype.{next,throw,return} in terms of the
// unified ._invoke helper method.
defineIteratorMethods(Gp);

Gp[toStringTagSymbol] = "Generator";

// A Generator should always return itself as the iterator object when the
// @@iterator function is called on it. Some browsers' implementations of the
// iterator prototype chain incorrectly implement this, causing the Generator
// object to not be returned from this call. This ensures that doesn't happen.
// See https://github.com/facebook/regenerator/issues/274 for more details.
Gp[iteratorSymbol] = function() {
return this;
};

Gp.toString = function() {
return "[object Generator]";
};

function pushTryEntry(locs) {
var entry = { tryLoc: locs[0] };

if (1 in locs) {
entry.catchLoc = locs[1];
}

if (2 in locs) {
entry.finallyLoc = locs[2];
entry.afterLoc = locs[3];
}

this.tryEntries.push(entry);
}

function resetTryEntry(entry) {
var record = entry.completion || {};
record.type = "normal";
delete record.arg;
entry.completion = record;
}

function Context(tryLocsList) {
// The root entry object (effectively a try statement without a catch
// or a finally block) gives us a place to store values thrown from
// locations where there is no enclosing try statement.
this.tryEntries = [{ tryLoc: "root" }];
tryLocsList.forEach(pushTryEntry, this);
this.reset(true);
}

runtime.keys = function(object) {
var keys = [];
for (var key in object) {
keys.push(key);
}
keys.reverse();

// Rather than returning an object with a next method, we keep
// things simple and return the next function itself.
return function next() {
while (keys.length) {
var key = keys.pop();
if (key in object) {
next.value = key;
next.done = false;
return next;
}
}

// To avoid creating an additional object, we just hang the .value
// and .done properties off the next function object itself. This
// also ensures that the minifier will not anonymize the function.
next.done = true;
return next;
};
};

function values(iterable) {
if (iterable) {
var iteratorMethod = iterable[iteratorSymbol];
if (iteratorMethod) {
return iteratorMethod.call(iterable);
}

if (typeof iterable.next === "function") {
return iterable;
}

if (!isNaN(iterable.length)) {
var i = -1, next = function next() {
while (++i < iterable.length) {
if (hasOwn.call(iterable, i)) {
next.value = iterable[i];
next.done = false;
return next;
}
}

next.value = undefined;
next.done = true;

return next;
};

return next.next = next;
}
}

// Return an iterator with no values.
return { next: doneResult };
}
runtime.values = values;

function doneResult() {
return { value: undefined, done: true };
}

Context.prototype = {
constructor: Context,

reset: function(skipTempReset) {
this.prev = 0;
this.next = 0;
// Resetting context._sent for legacy support of Babel's
// function.sent implementation.
this.sent = this._sent = undefined;
this.done = false;
this.delegate = null;

this.method = "next";
this.arg = undefined;

this.tryEntries.forEach(resetTryEntry);

if (!skipTempReset) {
for (var name in this) {
// Not sure about the optimal order of these conditions:
if (name.charAt(0) === "t" &&
hasOwn.call(this, name) &&
!isNaN(+name.slice(1))) {
this[name] = undefined;
}
}
}
},

stop: function() {
this.done = true;

var rootEntry = this.tryEntries[0];
var rootRecord = rootEntry.completion;
if (rootRecord.type === "throw") {
throw rootRecord.arg;
}

return this.rval;
},

dispatchException: function(exception) {
if (this.done) {
throw exception;
}

var context = this;
function handle(loc, caught) {
record.type = "throw";
record.arg = exception;
context.next = loc;

if (caught) {
// If the dispatched exception was caught by a catch block,
// then let that catch block handle the exception normally.
context.method = "next";
context.arg = undefined;
}

return !! caught;
}

for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
var record = entry.completion;

if (entry.tryLoc === "root") {
// Exception thrown outside of any try block that could handle
// it, so set the completion value of the entire function to
// throw the exception.
return handle("end");
}

if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev) {
var hasCatch = hasOwn.call(entry, "catchLoc");
var hasFinally = hasOwn.call(entry, "finallyLoc");

if (hasCatch && hasFinally) {
if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {
return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);
} else if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
return handle(entry.finallyLoc);
}

} else if (hasCatch) {
if (this.prev < entry.catchLoc) {
return handle(entry.catchLoc, true);
}

} else if (hasFinally) {
if (this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
return handle(entry.finallyLoc);
}

} else {
throw new Error("try statement without catch or finally");
}
}
}
},

abrupt: function(type, arg) {
for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
if (entry.tryLoc <= this.prev &&
hasOwn.call(entry, "finallyLoc") &&
this.prev < entry.finallyLoc) {
var finallyEntry = entry;
break;
}
}

if (finallyEntry &&
(type === "break" ||
type === "continue") &&
finallyEntry.tryLoc <= arg &&
arg <= finallyEntry.finallyLoc) {
// Ignore the finally entry if control is not jumping to a
// location outside the try/catch block.
finallyEntry = null;
}

var record = finallyEntry ? finallyEntry.completion : {};
record.type = type;
record.arg = arg;

if (finallyEntry) {
this.method = "next";
this.next = finallyEntry.finallyLoc;
return ContinueSentinel;
}

return this.complete(record);
},

complete: function(record, afterLoc) {
if (record.type === "throw") {
throw record.arg;
}

if (record.type === "break" ||
record.type === "continue") {
this.next = record.arg;
} else if (record.type === "return") {
this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;
this.method = "return";
this.next = "end";
} else if (record.type === "normal" && afterLoc) {
this.next = afterLoc;
}

return ContinueSentinel;
},

finish: function(finallyLoc) {
for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
if (entry.finallyLoc === finallyLoc) {
this.complete(entry.completion, entry.afterLoc);
resetTryEntry(entry);
return ContinueSentinel;
}
}
},

"catch": function(tryLoc) {
for (var i = this.tryEntries.length - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
var entry = this.tryEntries[i];
if (entry.tryLoc === tryLoc) {
var record = entry.completion;
if (record.type === "throw") {
var thrown = record.arg;
resetTryEntry(entry);
}
return thrown;
}
}

// The context.catch method must only be called with a location
// argument that corresponds to a known catch block.
throw new Error("illegal catch attempt");
},

delegateYield: function(iterable, resultName, nextLoc) {
this.delegate = {
iterator: values(iterable),
resultName: resultName,
nextLoc: nextLoc
};

if (this.method === "next") {
// Deliberately forget the last sent value so that we don't
// accidentally pass it on to the delegate.
this.arg = undefined;
}

return ContinueSentinel;
}
};
})(
// In sloppy mode, unbound `this` refers to the global object, fallback to
// Function constructor if we're in global strict mode. That is sadly a form
// of indirect eval which violates Content Security Policy.
(function() {
return this || (typeof self === "object" && self);
})() || Function("return this")()
);

var _marked =
/*#__PURE__*/
regeneratorRuntime.mark(helloWorldGenerator);

function helloWorldGenerator() {
return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(function helloWorldGenerator$(_context) {
while (1) {
switch (_context.prev = _context.next) {
case 0:
_context.next = 2;
return 'hello';

case 2:
_context.next = 4;
return 'world';

case 4:
return _context.abrupt("return", 'ending');

case 5:
case "end":
return _context.stop();
}
}
}, _marked, this);
}

var hw = helloWorldGenerator();
console.log(hw.next()); // {value: "hello", done: false}

console.log(hw.next()); // {value: "world", done: false}

console.log(hw.next()); // {value: "ending", done: true}

console.log(hw.next()); // {value: undefined, done: true}

总之编译后的代码还蛮复杂,我们可以从中抽离出大致的逻辑,至少让简单编译的那段代码能够跑起来。

mark 函数

简单编译后的代码第一段是这样的:

var _marked = /*#__PURE__*/ regeneratorRuntime.mark(helloWorldGenerator);

我们查看完整编译版本中 mark 函数的源码:

runtime.mark = function(genFun) {
  genFun.__proto__ = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;
  genFun.prototype = Object.create(Gp);
  return genFun;
};

这其中又涉及了 GeneratorFunctionPrototype 和 Gp 变量,我们也查看下对应的代码:

functionGenerator() {}
functionGeneratorFunction() {}
functionGeneratorFunctionPrototype() {}

...

var Gp = GeneratorFunctionPrototype.prototype =
  Generator.prototype = Object.create(IteratorPrototype);

GeneratorFunction.prototype = Gp.constructor = GeneratorFunctionPrototype;

GeneratorFunctionPrototype.constructor = GeneratorFunction;

GeneratorFunctionPrototype[toStringTagSymbol] =
  GeneratorFunction.displayName = "GeneratorFunction";

这段代码构建了一堆看起来很复杂的关系链,其实这是参照着 ES6 规范构建的关系链:
regenerator
图中 +@@toStringTag:s = 'Generator' 的就是 Gp,+@@toStringTag:s = 'GeneratorFunction' 的就是 GeneratorFunctionPrototype。

构建关系链的目的在于判断关系的时候能够跟原生的保持一致,就比如:

function* f() {}
var g = f();
console.log(g.__proto__ === f.prototype); // trueconsole.log(g.__proto__.__proto__ === f.__proto__.prototype); // true

为了简化起见,我们可以把 Gp 先设置为一个空对象,不过正如你在上图中看到的,next()、 throw()、return() 函数都是挂载在 Gp 对象上,实际上,在完整的编译代码中,确实有为 Gp 添加这三个函数的方法:

// 117 行functiondefineIteratorMethods(prototype) {
  ["next", "throw", "return"].forEach(function(method) {
    prototype[method] = function(arg) {
      returnthis._invoke(method, arg);
    };
  });
}

// 406 行
defineIteratorMethods(Gp);

为了简单起见,我们将整个 mark 函数简化为:

runtime.mark = function(genFun) {
  var generator = Object.create({
    next: function(arg) {
      returnthis._invoke('next', arg)
    }
  });
  genFun.prototype = generator;
  return genFun;
};

wrap 函数

除了设置关系链之外,mark 函数的返回值 genFun 还作为了 wrap 函数的第二个参数传入:

functionhelloWorldGenerator() {
  return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(
    functionhelloWorldGenerator$(_context) {
      ...
    },
    _marked,
    this
  );
}

我们再看下 wrap 函数:

functionwrap(innerFn, outerFn, self) {
  var generator = Object.create(outerFn.prototype);
  var context = new Context([]);
  generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context);

  return generator;
}

所以当执行 var hw = helloWorldGenerator(); 的时候,其实执行的是 wrap 函数,wrap 函数返回了 generator,generator 是一个对象,原型是 outerFn.prototype, outerFn.prototype 其实就是 genFun.prototypegenFun.prototype 是一个空对象,原型上有 next() 方法。

所以当你执行 hw.next() 的时候,执行的其实是 hw 原型的原型上的 next 函数,next 函数执行的又是 hw 的 _invoke 函数:

generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context);

innerFn 就是 wrap 包裹的那个函数,其实就是 helloWordGenerato$ 函数,呐,就是这个函数:

functionhelloWorldGenerator$(_context) {
  while (1) {
    switch ((_context.prev = _context.next)) {
      case0:
        _context.next = 2;
        return"hello";

      case2:
        _context.next = 4;
        return"world";

      case4:
        return _context.abrupt("return", "ending");

      case5:
      case"end":
        return _context.stop();
    }
  }
}

而 context 你可以直接理解为这样一个全局对象:

var ContinueSentinel = {};

var context = {
  done: false,
  method: "next",
  next: 0,
  prev: 0,
  abrupt: function(type, arg) {
    var record = {};
    record.type = type;
    record.arg = arg;

    returnthis.complete(record);
  },
  complete: function(record, afterLoc) {
    if (record.type === "return") {
      this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;
      this.method = "return";
      this.next = "end";
    }

    return ContinueSentinel;
  },
  stop: function() {
    this.done = true;
    returnthis.rval;
  }
};

每次 hw.next 的时候,就会修改 next 和 prev 属性的值,当在 generator 函数中 return 的时候会执行 abrupt,abrupt 中又会执行 complete,执行完 complete,因为 this.next = end 的缘故,再执行就会执行 stop 函数。

我们来看下 makeInvokeMethod 函数:

var ContinueSentinel = {};

functionmakeInvokeMethod(innerFn, self, context) {
  var state = 'start';

  returnfunctioninvoke(method, arg) {

    if (state === 'completed') {
      return { value: undefined, done: true };
    }

    context.method = method;
    context.arg = arg;

    while (true) {

      state = 'executing';

      var record = {
        type: 'normal',
        arg: innerFn.call(self, context)
      };
      if (record.type === "normal") {

        state = context.done
          ? 'completed'
          : 'yield';

        if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {
          continue;
        }

        return {
          value: record.arg,
          done: context.done
        };

      }
    }
  };
}

基本的执行过程就不分析了,我们重点看第三次执行 hw.next() 的时候:

第三次执行 hw.next() 的时候,其实执行了

this._invoke("next", undefined);

我们在 invoke 函数中构建了一个 record 对象:

var record = {
  type: "normal",
  arg: innerFn.call(self, context)
};

而在 innerFn.call(self, context) 中,因为 _context.next 为 4 的缘故,其实执行了:

_context.abrupt("return", 'ending');

而在 abrupt 中,我们又构建了一个 record 对象:

var record = {};
record.type = 'return';
record.arg = 'ending';

然后执行了 this.complete(record)

在 complete 中,因为 record.type === "return"

this.rval = 'ending';
this.method = "return";
this.next = "end";

然后返回了全局对象 ContinueSentinel,其实就是一个全局空对象。

然后在 invoke 函数中,因为 record.arg === ContinueSentinel 的缘故,没有执行后面的 return 语句,就直接进入下一个循环。

于是又执行了一遍 innerFn.call(self, context),此时 _context.next 为 end, 执行了 _context.stop(), 在 stop 函数中:

this.done = true;
returnthis.rval; // this.rval 其实就是 `ending`

所以最终返回的值为:

{
  value: 'ending',
  done: true
};

之后,我们再执行 hw.next() 的时候,因为 state 已经是 ‘completed’ 的缘故,直接就返回 { value: undefined, done: true}

不完整但可用的源码

当然这个过程,看文字理解起来可能有些难度,不完整但可用的代码如下,你可以断点调试查看具体的过程:

(function() {
  var ContinueSentinel = {};

  var mark = function(genFun) {
    var generator = Object.create({
      next: function(arg) {
        returnthis._invoke("next", arg);
      }
    });
    genFun.prototype = generator;
    return genFun;
  };

  functionwrap(innerFn, outerFn, self) {
    var generator = Object.create(outerFn.prototype);

    var context = {
      done: false,
      method: "next",
      next: 0,
      prev: 0,
      abrupt: function(type, arg) {
        var record = {};
        record.type = type;
        record.arg = arg;

        returnthis.complete(record);
      },
      complete: function(record, afterLoc) {
        if (record.type === "return") {
          this.rval = this.arg = record.arg;
          this.method = "return";
          this.next = "end";
        }

        return ContinueSentinel;
      },
      stop: function() {
        this.done = true;
        returnthis.rval;
      }
    };

    generator._invoke = makeInvokeMethod(innerFn, context);

    return generator;
  }

  functionmakeInvokeMethod(innerFn, context) {
    var state = "start";

    returnfunctioninvoke(method, arg) {
      if (state === "completed") {
        return { value: undefined, done: true };
      }

      context.method = method;
      context.arg = arg;

      while (true) {
        state = "executing";

        var record = {
          type: "normal",
          arg: innerFn.call(self, context)
        };

        if (record.type === "normal") {
          state = context.done ? "completed" : "yield";

          if (record.arg === ContinueSentinel) {
            continue;
          }

          return {
            value: record.arg,
            done: context.done
          };
        }
      }
    };
  }

  window.regeneratorRuntime = {};

  regeneratorRuntime.wrap = wrap;
  regeneratorRuntime.mark = mark;
})();

var _marked = regeneratorRuntime.mark(helloWorldGenerator);

functionhelloWorldGenerator() {
  return regeneratorRuntime.wrap(
    functionhelloWorldGenerator$(_context) {
      while (1) {
        switch ((_context.prev = _context.next)) {
          case0:
            _context.next = 2;
            return"hello";

          case2:
            _context.next = 4;
            return"world";

          case4:
            return _context.abrupt("return", "ending");

          case5:
          case"end":
            return _context.stop();
        }
      }
    },
    _marked,
    this
  );
}

var hw = helloWorldGenerator();

console.log(hw.next());
console.log(hw.next());
console.log(hw.next());
console.log(hw.next());